This year we're celebrating APOSL's birthday and honoring Tesla at the same time.
Tesla was born on 10.7.1856 . Please click "join" on our Facebook page. https://www.facebook.com/events/146204338909361/
Monday, 8 September 2014
Hari Tesla 13.9.14
This year we're celebrating APOSL's birthday and honoring Tesla at the same time.
Tesla was born on 10.7.1856 . Please click "join" on our Facebook page. https://www.facebook.com/events/146204338909361/
Saturday, 12 April 2014
APOSL Survey: 34% of people in malls think the Sun goes around the Earth
On 22 March, six members of APOSL went to Times Square, Pavilion, KLCC, Lowyat, and Sungai Wang. This survey was also conducted on university students at UiTM. They conducted a survey to find out how much the Malaysian public knew about science.
You know how it is lah, when you approach a stranger in the street, their usual response is, "Not interested!" . To the credit of these APOSL members, they managed to get 309 people to respond.
They asked 3 "true/false/don't know" quotations.
- Humans are developed from an earlier species of animal.
- The Sun goes around the Earth
- At least one of these exist: ghosts, penunggu, vampires, toyol, pocong, langsuir.
Wednesday, 26 February 2014
Friday, 22 November 2013
Thursday, 22 August 2013
Dear Paprika: I Allowed A Doctor To Inject You With A Virus
Pepper talks to his daughter about
the wonders of immunization. Along the way, he teaches her about the
fascinating story of vaccination.
Dear Paprika,
Today, I read an article about anti-vacciners who are against vaccinating their children, “Under fire, vaccine deniers defend their choice”. They talked about how vaccines could cause autism in children, and harm their kids because vaccines are made from diseases and thus not foolproof. They also talked about how they are protecting their children from harm by “boosting their immune system” with home remedies and self medication.
I shook my head in disbelief when I read the article, never thinking for once this would happen in our country’s modern society.
I first heard of people speaking against vaccines a few years ago, after I watched a video of a cheerleader named Desiree Jennings who claimed a flu vaccination caused her to develop a neurological disorder. In the video, you can see she has lost her ability to walk normally except when walking backwards! Her story soon became the reason for rejecting vaccinations. Long story short, it was a sham.
The story of vaccination is a fascinating one. Take smallpox as an example. For thousands of years, there was no way to prevent it. People afflicted with the deadly smallpox developed red spots all over their body which would leave deep scars when they healed. Some even died from this disease. Nicknamed “speckled monsters”, everyone was afraid of contracting smallpox. Europeans conquering South America spread the disease there, while Africans brought to Europe as slaves spread it there. The disease was highly contagious and there was little anyone could do to stop it.
Edward Jenner, a doctor, once overheard a milkmaid who boasted that she would never get smallpox because she had had cowpox. Cowpox was a mild version of the smallpox. In 1796, Jenner took pus from a milkmaid who was suffering from cowpox and inoculated an 8 year old boy. The boy fell sick at first but soon got better. Later, when Jenner inoculated the boy with fresh smallpox, the boy did not develop the deadly disease! The boy had become immune to smallpox.
Immunisatin works by tricking the body. A mild or harmless version of a deadly disease is injected into a person. Our body’s natural immune system responds by producing antibodies to attack the disease. After that, it “remembers” how to fight the disease the next time it meets it again. Clever, right?
Now you know why you fall sick after being vaccinated; your body is just taking time to fight the disease. Yes, there is a minute chance complications could develop; a small group of people may be allergic to it but for 99.9% of us, there are almost zero risks. You see, before vaccines are approved, they undergo rigorious clinical trials. They are tested thousands of times over many years. Viruses mutate all the time and scientists work hard to find new vaccines to immunize people and stop the spread of diseases. Besides, your medical history is usually taken into consideration before you are vaccinated.
Some anti-vacciners argue, “Why take the risk at all?” Well, there is a risk you could die from crossing the road but we still do it every day. More accidents happen in our own homes than anywhere else! We take risks every day of our lives. On the contrary, the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks.
Some anti-vacciners argue that vaccines contain harmful chemicals like formaldehyde and mercury. Yes, they do. These chemicals are used to preserve and stabilise the vaccines. The amounts used are very small! When was the last time you heard of someone dying from an overdose of formaldehyde or mercury poisoning after being vaccinated? Here are some fun facts: a tuna sandwich contains 5 times more mercury than the flu vaccine. An infant breastfeeding from 6 months old receives 25 times more mercury than the flu vaccine.
If you think that is bad, did you know the US FDA allows a 24-ounce container of cornmeal to have up to 13 insects, 745 insect fragments and 27 rodent hairs in it? Yum! Even fresh vegetables are handled by many dirty hands, endure transportation from farm to market and spend hours in unsanitized places waiting to be bought by us. But a quick wash under tap water and we happily eat it without a second thought!
My point is, our bodies can handle such hazards without any problems.
The craziest argument against vaccination has to be “it is a tool used by the government to control the population”! Malaysia is spending RM16 billion on health care for the rakyat this year. Does that sound like a government that is out to harm its rakyat via its health care?
Disease outbreaks usually happen when too many people refuse to be vaccinated, allowing a disease to move easily through them, jumping from one person to another.
Here is how my friend Dr Kok Sen Wai explains it,
Dear Paprika, you and your brother have been vaccinated and immunised against multiple diseases. When you were a year old, you fell sick and we noticed red spots on your face. I called Auntie Su Lin who is a pediatrician. I asked if it was measles. She replied that it was impossible for you to contract measles as you had already been vaccinated and there was no outbreak of measles in Peninsular Malaysia. Thank you, vaccination!
If I meet a parent with concerns about vaccinating their children, I would try to reason with them as one parent to another – who wants only the best for our children – to trust the doctors who had to endure 5 years of expensive medical school and the subsequent few years as medical housemen to serve their fellowman. Trust the doctor, as he is looking out for your best interests. Immunize your children for their own sake.
Uncle Sen Wai (who is also a father-to-be) told me this interesting story. Dr. Ooi Mong How, one of the foremost paediatricians in our country and an expert on virally transmitted diseases, has this story he likes to tell: He was contacted by the Ministry of Health regarding a mysterious illness that had infected an entire rural village in Sarawak. People broke out in spots, pinkeye, cough and breathing problems – and the sickest, youngest and eldest patients died from it. So, they sent him down there to investigate and the moment he arrived, he recognised that mystery illness as something he used to see very commonly when he was a junior doctor – it was measles!
Measles has been so well prevented by vaccination that nowadays, we run the danger of younger, newer doctors (who have never seen it before in all their life and practice) fail to recognise a disease that older generations of doctors were able to diagnose at first sight. The outbreak occurred in that community because hardly anyone in it was vaccinated, so herd immunity was low and the measles virus spread like wildfire across the village.
The moral of that story is two-fold: One, vaccination is so effective that measles – a once common disease – is now so rare that many doctors can go through their careers without seeing even a single case. Two, when people do not vaccinate and herd immunity is low, the results can be fatally devastating.
Your loving father,
Daddy
This was written by Pepper Lim and edited by Dr Kok Sen Wai.
Dear Paprika,
Today, I read an article about anti-vacciners who are against vaccinating their children, “Under fire, vaccine deniers defend their choice”. They talked about how vaccines could cause autism in children, and harm their kids because vaccines are made from diseases and thus not foolproof. They also talked about how they are protecting their children from harm by “boosting their immune system” with home remedies and self medication.
I shook my head in disbelief when I read the article, never thinking for once this would happen in our country’s modern society.
I first heard of people speaking against vaccines a few years ago, after I watched a video of a cheerleader named Desiree Jennings who claimed a flu vaccination caused her to develop a neurological disorder. In the video, you can see she has lost her ability to walk normally except when walking backwards! Her story soon became the reason for rejecting vaccinations. Long story short, it was a sham.
Sweets and lollipops for everyone later! | Source: unicef.org
The story of vaccination is a fascinating one. Take smallpox as an example. For thousands of years, there was no way to prevent it. People afflicted with the deadly smallpox developed red spots all over their body which would leave deep scars when they healed. Some even died from this disease. Nicknamed “speckled monsters”, everyone was afraid of contracting smallpox. Europeans conquering South America spread the disease there, while Africans brought to Europe as slaves spread it there. The disease was highly contagious and there was little anyone could do to stop it.
Edward Jenner, a doctor, once overheard a milkmaid who boasted that she would never get smallpox because she had had cowpox. Cowpox was a mild version of the smallpox. In 1796, Jenner took pus from a milkmaid who was suffering from cowpox and inoculated an 8 year old boy. The boy fell sick at first but soon got better. Later, when Jenner inoculated the boy with fresh smallpox, the boy did not develop the deadly disease! The boy had become immune to smallpox.
Immunisatin works by tricking the body. A mild or harmless version of a deadly disease is injected into a person. Our body’s natural immune system responds by producing antibodies to attack the disease. After that, it “remembers” how to fight the disease the next time it meets it again. Clever, right?
Now you know why you fall sick after being vaccinated; your body is just taking time to fight the disease. Yes, there is a minute chance complications could develop; a small group of people may be allergic to it but for 99.9% of us, there are almost zero risks. You see, before vaccines are approved, they undergo rigorious clinical trials. They are tested thousands of times over many years. Viruses mutate all the time and scientists work hard to find new vaccines to immunize people and stop the spread of diseases. Besides, your medical history is usually taken into consideration before you are vaccinated.
Some anti-vacciners argue, “Why take the risk at all?” Well, there is a risk you could die from crossing the road but we still do it every day. More accidents happen in our own homes than anywhere else! We take risks every day of our lives. On the contrary, the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks.
Some anti-vacciners argue that vaccines contain harmful chemicals like formaldehyde and mercury. Yes, they do. These chemicals are used to preserve and stabilise the vaccines. The amounts used are very small! When was the last time you heard of someone dying from an overdose of formaldehyde or mercury poisoning after being vaccinated? Here are some fun facts: a tuna sandwich contains 5 times more mercury than the flu vaccine. An infant breastfeeding from 6 months old receives 25 times more mercury than the flu vaccine.
If you think that is bad, did you know the US FDA allows a 24-ounce container of cornmeal to have up to 13 insects, 745 insect fragments and 27 rodent hairs in it? Yum! Even fresh vegetables are handled by many dirty hands, endure transportation from farm to market and spend hours in unsanitized places waiting to be bought by us. But a quick wash under tap water and we happily eat it without a second thought!
My point is, our bodies can handle such hazards without any problems.
The craziest argument against vaccination has to be “it is a tool used by the government to control the population”! Malaysia is spending RM16 billion on health care for the rakyat this year. Does that sound like a government that is out to harm its rakyat via its health care?
A speckled “smallpox” monster | Source: jennermuseum.com
Disease outbreaks usually happen when too many people refuse to be vaccinated, allowing a disease to move easily through them, jumping from one person to another.
Here is how my friend Dr Kok Sen Wai explains it,
“Germs are spread from one person to other people – that’s how these germs survive, making us sick as they go along. Vaccination turns people immune to these germs, and the more people in our community get vaccinated, the higher the herd immunity. If herd immunity is high, even when one non-vaccinated person falls sick, he is surrounded by vaccinated persons so that the germs cannot be as easily passed on to non-vaccinated persons.After all is said and done, don’t listen to quacks and self-proclaimed experts; listen to Dr Kok Sen Wai, a real medical doctor who spends his day curing sick people, “When you decide to vaccinate, you are not just protecting yourself. You are also helping to protect others at the same time.”
We have people who cannot be vaccinated, like newborn babies and those on whom vaccines don’t work because their immune systems don’t work properly. Herd immunity protects those people. When lots of people don’t vaccinate, the herd immunity goes down and germs can easily be passed between them, causing outbreaks. People who rely on the herd immunity to protect them would fall sick due to the bad decisions of people who do not vaccinate – while at the same time these selfish people benefit from the herd immunity they refuse to contribute to.”
Dear Paprika, you and your brother have been vaccinated and immunised against multiple diseases. When you were a year old, you fell sick and we noticed red spots on your face. I called Auntie Su Lin who is a pediatrician. I asked if it was measles. She replied that it was impossible for you to contract measles as you had already been vaccinated and there was no outbreak of measles in Peninsular Malaysia. Thank you, vaccination!
If I meet a parent with concerns about vaccinating their children, I would try to reason with them as one parent to another – who wants only the best for our children – to trust the doctors who had to endure 5 years of expensive medical school and the subsequent few years as medical housemen to serve their fellowman. Trust the doctor, as he is looking out for your best interests. Immunize your children for their own sake.
Uncle Sen Wai (who is also a father-to-be) told me this interesting story. Dr. Ooi Mong How, one of the foremost paediatricians in our country and an expert on virally transmitted diseases, has this story he likes to tell: He was contacted by the Ministry of Health regarding a mysterious illness that had infected an entire rural village in Sarawak. People broke out in spots, pinkeye, cough and breathing problems – and the sickest, youngest and eldest patients died from it. So, they sent him down there to investigate and the moment he arrived, he recognised that mystery illness as something he used to see very commonly when he was a junior doctor – it was measles!
Measles has been so well prevented by vaccination that nowadays, we run the danger of younger, newer doctors (who have never seen it before in all their life and practice) fail to recognise a disease that older generations of doctors were able to diagnose at first sight. The outbreak occurred in that community because hardly anyone in it was vaccinated, so herd immunity was low and the measles virus spread like wildfire across the village.
The moral of that story is two-fold: One, vaccination is so effective that measles – a once common disease – is now so rare that many doctors can go through their careers without seeing even a single case. Two, when people do not vaccinate and herd immunity is low, the results can be fatally devastating.
Your loving father,
Daddy
This was written by Pepper Lim and edited by Dr Kok Sen Wai.
Sunday, 11 August 2013
Saturday, 29 June 2013
How Not To Be A Monkey*
*With the exception of His Supreme Eminenceness Lord Bobo Barnabus, The Wonder Typewriting Monkey
Evolutionary psychology is retrodictive like evolutionary biology, but does not enjoy the same foundation as its well-established counterpart that has strong roots in many different fields of science, including paleontology, molecular biology, genetics and anthropology. Even the widely-held notion of evolutionary psychology that women were naturally monogamous was challenged by Dan Bergner, and has recently sparked public debate. The one thing that is certain, however, is that every decision that our ancestors have made, every adaptation, every stroke of genius or pure chance and every behavioural change has resulted in the social, sexual creatures that we are today. Our cousins, ranging from amoebas to giraffes, can also claim the glory of not being extinct (yet). But what sets our existence apart from all our other cousins?
Man has often put himself on a pedestal, towering above all other living matter. Especially in religion, the concept of man being just below god and above everything else has been entrenched in the minds of many. Setting the 'god' bit aside, the position that man has given himself is quite telling - we are a superior species, period. When asked why, the typical range of answers would be 'we are intelligent', 'we know what is wrong and right' (some research suggest otherwise - that animals have morality), etc.
Willie Poh Kaw Lik, a lecturer at Multimedia University tries to answer this, and boldly refuses to acknowledge that the answer to life is 42.
During his talk at Pusat Rakyat LB, 'How Not To Be A Monkey', Willie addressed two central questions: What makes us different, and what is our purpose in life? He began with a casual discussion (everything is casual when you see your lecturer in jeans and a fedora) on the personal, individual purpose of the men and women in the room, and related it to the generic, darwinian purpose of living beings - to survive and reproduce.
A comparison was drawn between a monkey's purpose in life to a human's purpose in life, and it undoubtedly tallied one way or another, with both organisms evidently trying to maximise its pleasure with the minimum amount of resource, and both cycles involving reproduction at some point.
A cute example of what was illustrated on the board was the parallels between 'scratching one's ass' (monkey) and 'having an iPad' (human) , which both contributes to the overall satisfaction of a person, benefiting the mental well-being of an individual, hence making him or her more likely to live longer and reproduce. Well, depression dramatically increases one's chances of dying from a heart attack, plus it kills the sex drive. That wasn't such a big leap, actually. Although merely a tiny fraction, it makes up a part of the innumerable joys that occasionally punctuate the rigmarole we call life.
Once the audience saw that the goals of a human and a monkey were not too different, Willie got them to think hard about what set humans from other animals. An animated discussion ensued, with interesting suggestions ranging from 'self-realisation' to 'opposable thumbs'. Willie was the alpha chimp of the session and eventually got everyone to agree with his hypothesis, which was 'language', as the unifying factor of all that is unique about our kind.
Being a friend of Willie, it was difficult not to agree with that bespectacled face of geekiness. He raised compelling points, which conveniently directed all other outlying points towards the crux of the matter that was 'language'. His contention was that without language, mankind would have not advanced as much as he has done. It is true that some species of animals have some form of language, however their language is extremely limited in function. Animals cannot string their vocalizations into grammatically organised sentences. Although whether chimps can actually use language like we do is still a hot topic and being debated by scientists, it is pretty much established that no one animal has displayed the complexity in its language that is comparable to ours. Which is why, Willie argues, we have managed to build things, plan things, and so on.
By 5pm, Willie moved on to the next big question: Why should we survive? Willie's next compelling idea was that the ultimate worthwhile purpose in life, that even goes beyond the banal goal to survive and reproduce, is to process information and gain knowledge. This is reminiscent of people who leave behind legacies, wanting their creations, their businesses, to outlast their lifetimes. He takes care to note that this is typical of a scientific worldview, and acknowledges that it may not resonate with some who subscribe to a more god-centric viewpoint. He tied this back to the previous question of what sets us apart from other animals - language - and said that since humans are the only species we know who can record information comprehensively and to gain more knowledge, this makes humans the best species to survive.
Interestingly, the discussion led to a string of hypothetical situations. One of them was: How would you feel if Earth was in the middle of a hyperspace bypass that would allow two superintelligent species to co-author The Encyclopedia Galactica? (Not verbatim. I just wanted to have another Hitchhiker reference.) Everyone in the audience enjoyed a lively discussion, despite the occasional confusion (which is what happens when one discusses philosophy).
To sum things up, one may say that the answer to the question of the day, 'how not to be a monkey', was more than 'not picking at one's arm pits'. It was to go beyond the cycle of 'survive --> reproduce', and create good in the world. To learn a second (or third, or fourth) language, because learning different languages gives one invaluable perspective on human behaviour and social interaction. Favour construction over destruction, conserve wisdom, learn from our mistakes. Most importantly, to not be a monkey, one must contribute to the betterment of mankind by adding to the knowledge we currently have by becoming a creator and not just a mere consumer.
Evolutionary psychology is retrodictive like evolutionary biology, but does not enjoy the same foundation as its well-established counterpart that has strong roots in many different fields of science, including paleontology, molecular biology, genetics and anthropology. Even the widely-held notion of evolutionary psychology that women were naturally monogamous was challenged by Dan Bergner, and has recently sparked public debate. The one thing that is certain, however, is that every decision that our ancestors have made, every adaptation, every stroke of genius or pure chance and every behavioural change has resulted in the social, sexual creatures that we are today. Our cousins, ranging from amoebas to giraffes, can also claim the glory of not being extinct (yet). But what sets our existence apart from all our other cousins?
Man has often put himself on a pedestal, towering above all other living matter. Especially in religion, the concept of man being just below god and above everything else has been entrenched in the minds of many. Setting the 'god' bit aside, the position that man has given himself is quite telling - we are a superior species, period. When asked why, the typical range of answers would be 'we are intelligent', 'we know what is wrong and right' (some research suggest otherwise - that animals have morality), etc.
Willie Poh Kaw Lik, a lecturer at Multimedia University tries to answer this, and boldly refuses to acknowledge that the answer to life is 42.
During his talk at Pusat Rakyat LB, 'How Not To Be A Monkey', Willie addressed two central questions: What makes us different, and what is our purpose in life? He began with a casual discussion (everything is casual when you see your lecturer in jeans and a fedora) on the personal, individual purpose of the men and women in the room, and related it to the generic, darwinian purpose of living beings - to survive and reproduce.
A comparison was drawn between a monkey's purpose in life to a human's purpose in life, and it undoubtedly tallied one way or another, with both organisms evidently trying to maximise its pleasure with the minimum amount of resource, and both cycles involving reproduction at some point.
 |
| Not preaching, but illustrating a life-purpose |
A cute example of what was illustrated on the board was the parallels between 'scratching one's ass' (monkey) and 'having an iPad' (human) , which both contributes to the overall satisfaction of a person, benefiting the mental well-being of an individual, hence making him or her more likely to live longer and reproduce. Well, depression dramatically increases one's chances of dying from a heart attack, plus it kills the sex drive. That wasn't such a big leap, actually. Although merely a tiny fraction, it makes up a part of the innumerable joys that occasionally punctuate the rigmarole we call life.
Once the audience saw that the goals of a human and a monkey were not too different, Willie got them to think hard about what set humans from other animals. An animated discussion ensued, with interesting suggestions ranging from 'self-realisation' to 'opposable thumbs'. Willie was the alpha chimp of the session and eventually got everyone to agree with his hypothesis, which was 'language', as the unifying factor of all that is unique about our kind.
 |
| Channelling his inner monkey. |
Being a friend of Willie, it was difficult not to agree with that bespectacled face of geekiness. He raised compelling points, which conveniently directed all other outlying points towards the crux of the matter that was 'language'. His contention was that without language, mankind would have not advanced as much as he has done. It is true that some species of animals have some form of language, however their language is extremely limited in function. Animals cannot string their vocalizations into grammatically organised sentences. Although whether chimps can actually use language like we do is still a hot topic and being debated by scientists, it is pretty much established that no one animal has displayed the complexity in its language that is comparable to ours. Which is why, Willie argues, we have managed to build things, plan things, and so on.
 |
| Spot the monkey in the room! |
By 5pm, Willie moved on to the next big question: Why should we survive? Willie's next compelling idea was that the ultimate worthwhile purpose in life, that even goes beyond the banal goal to survive and reproduce, is to process information and gain knowledge. This is reminiscent of people who leave behind legacies, wanting their creations, their businesses, to outlast their lifetimes. He takes care to note that this is typical of a scientific worldview, and acknowledges that it may not resonate with some who subscribe to a more god-centric viewpoint. He tied this back to the previous question of what sets us apart from other animals - language - and said that since humans are the only species we know who can record information comprehensively and to gain more knowledge, this makes humans the best species to survive.
Interestingly, the discussion led to a string of hypothetical situations. One of them was: How would you feel if Earth was in the middle of a hyperspace bypass that would allow two superintelligent species to co-author The Encyclopedia Galactica? (Not verbatim. I just wanted to have another Hitchhiker reference.) Everyone in the audience enjoyed a lively discussion, despite the occasional confusion (which is what happens when one discusses philosophy).
To sum things up, one may say that the answer to the question of the day, 'how not to be a monkey', was more than 'not picking at one's arm pits'. It was to go beyond the cycle of 'survive --> reproduce', and create good in the world. To learn a second (or third, or fourth) language, because learning different languages gives one invaluable perspective on human behaviour and social interaction. Favour construction over destruction, conserve wisdom, learn from our mistakes. Most importantly, to not be a monkey, one must contribute to the betterment of mankind by adding to the knowledge we currently have by becoming a creator and not just a mere consumer.
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